Professor Leggett was awarded a share in the 2003 prize for his research at Sussex in the early 1970s on the theory of superfluids.
There is a special class of fluids that are called superfluids. Superfluids have the property that they can flow through narrow channels without viscosity. However, more fundamental than the absence of dissipation is the behavior of superfluids under rotation. In contrast to the example of a glass of water above, the rotation in superfluids is always inhomogeneous (figure). The fluid circulates around quantized vortex lines. The vortex lines are shown as yellow in the figure, and the circulating flow around them is indicated by arrows. There is no vorticity outside of the lines because the velocity near each line is larger than further away. (In mathematical terms curl v = 0, where v(r) is the velocity field.)
Now you have to understand this is all struggle for me. I am trying understand circumstances where such valuations might have been presented as we traverse the subject of blackholes and such. Wormholes in the the space of produciton of a equilibrium between states of cold matter states and effects to superfluids inthos ecolliders What valuation can be drawn towards flat spacetime in these two extremes?
Can we drawn a relation in our perception taken down to such high energy valutions.
Under the auspices of gravitational collapse, if we are lead to circumstances where such a supefluid existed, then what form had we taken to lead our thinking. I have to be careful here. I identified Helium4 in the context of this opening subject, yet I would also draw my thought to production in the colliders?
I have to think on this some.
Plasmas and Bose condensates
A Bose-Einstein condensate (such as superfluid liquid helium) forms for reasons that only can be explained by quantum mechanics. Bose condensates form at low temperature
Plasmas tend to form at high temperature, since electrons then come off atoms leaving charged ions. High temperatures, more states are available to the atoms.
Superfluids form at low temperatures because the fermions can pair up and behave like bosons, so you get the Bose-Einstein condensate effect setting in. At higher temperatures, the kinetic energy is higher and the jiggling breaks up the bosons.
ReplyDeleteIn the same way, permanent magnets at low temperature lose their magnetism at higher temperatures, because the jiggling motion of the atoms destroys the symmetry and the atoms become randomly orientated. [Of course normal permanent magnetism is due to electron spin and it is a 'domain' effect, not the aligning of every single atom.]
[By the way: re the boson = 2 fermion's concept. You can see a gamma ray (a boson) as two fermions (a positron and electron) paired so that the spins add up: 1/2 + 1/2 = spin 1.]
While it is premature to speak, the very thought that the substance coud have been taken to a bose condensate state, would be a "interesting proposition" assuming, the very valuations lost seen in high energy collisions, would have been held too condensate value ?
ReplyDeleteExtra dimensions having been cooled to evidentary calculations an substance? Is this so absurd?