Evidence for Extra Dimensions and IceCube

...the creative principle resides in mathematics. In a certain sense therefore, I hold it true that pure thought can grasp reality, as the ancients dreamed.

Albert Einstein

Sometimes if we paid attention enough, the neurons seem to fire appropriately and the detachment of the ideas seemingly distant from one another, become illuminated and connected? Imagine it taking place in Clifford's other office.

Foundations Study Guide: Philosophy of Mathematics by David S. Ross, Ph.D.

The philosophy of mathematics is the philosophical study of the concepts and methods of mathematics. It is concerned with the nature of numbers, geometric objects, and other mathematical concepts; it is concerned with their cognitive origins and with their application to reality. It addresses the validation of methods of mathematical inference. In particular, it deals with the logical problems associated with mathematical infinitude.

Among the sciences, mathematics has a unique relation to philosophy. Since antiquity, philosophers have envied it as the model of logical perfection, because of the clarity of its concepts and the certainty of its conclusions, and have therefore devoted much effort to explaining the nature of mathematics.

Such a cognitive fucntion then would be important as these math symbols arose in our minds. Possible new mathematical models in which to describe the nature we see around us. So one makes sure they have a pad and pencil, while they ventured away from the regime, with which the mind has been so intensely engaged?

Now being so far from the understanding of these mathematics, I can only hope to understand the concepts as they unfold in a geometrical insight, while I try to make sure I understand them in relation to abstract thinking.

SNO on the go – at last!

Over the past 30 years, five different experiments have sought to measure the flux of these elusive particles from the Sun (produced by the same nuclear processes that make it shine) and have consistently come up short of theoretical predictions. One explanation is that the neutrinos emitted ‘oscillate’ into another variety of neutrino which past experiments could not detect.

Within the IceCube collaboration the Univ. of Uppsala and the Univ. of Berkeley have joined the DESY initiative. The DESY team is also in close contact to the groups in Europe, the USA and Asia which are working on acoustic detectors for Neutrino-Telescopes installed in water. Details on the different projects have been presented on the First Workshop on Acoustic Cosmic Ray and Neutrino Detection held at Stanford in September 2003.

The muon will travel faster than light in the ice (but of course still slower than the speed of light in vacuum), thereby producing a shock wave of light, called Cerenkov radiation. This light is detected by the photomultipliers, and the trace of the neutrinos can be reconstructed with an accuracy of a couple of degrees. Thus the direction of the incoming neutrino and hence the location of the neutrino source can be pinpointed. A simulation of a muon travelling through AMANDA is shown here (1.5 MB).

Some understanding of the dual nature of blackholes is needed here in order to understand what is "produced" and how this is "spread out."

"String theory and other possibilities can distort the relative numbers of 'down' and 'up' neutrinos," said Jonathan Feng, associate professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at UC Irvine. "For example, extra dimensions may cause neutrinos to create microscopic black holes, which instantly evaporate and create spectacular showers of particles in the Earth's atmosphere and in the Antarctic ice cap. This increases the number of 'down' neutrinos detected. At the same time, the creation of black holes causes 'up' neutrinos to be caught in the Earth's crust, reducing the number of 'up' neutrinos. The relative 'up' and 'down' rates provide evidence for distortions in neutrino properties that are predicted by new theories."

Before engaging article below it is important that the differences be noted between strangelets(strange quarks), and the distortions in neutrino properties. If it is understood the microstate blackholes are created, then the dispersion of other particle in the atmosphere give us indications and consequences gained from dual nature of the blackhole.

I am confused here, and this point of interactive consideration is holding my mind as to why both these situations together are important. The difficulty may come from from the immediate association, while reocgnition of these two have been raised from the event and collision.

Earth punctured by tiny cosmic missilesBy Robert Matthews, Science Correspondent
(Filed: 12/05/2002)

Strangelets - sometimes also called strange-quark nuggets - are predicted to have many unusual properties, including a density about ten million million times greater than lead. Just a single pollen-size fragment is believed to weigh several tons.

They are thought to be extremely stable, travelling through the galaxy at speeds of about a million miles per hour. Until now, all attempts to detect them have failed. A team of American scientists believes, however, that it may have found the first hard evidence for the existence of strangelets, after scouring earthquake records for signs of their impact with Earth.

See:

Cosmic Ray Collisions and Strangelets Produced

Strange Abstract Movements

When one is engaged in the strange world of the abstract, Quark to Quark measures left me in a strange state. Lines having been given values in distance. That were not readily available to the eye. These lines are happening in spaces, that give "energy values" to that every distance? Gausssian coordinates. The metric.


The Clebsch Diagonal Cubic Surface. It is smooth and all its different 27 lines are real. There are 10 so-called Eckardt points, i.e. points in which three of the lines meet.

So this is a preview to me while working in these abstract spaces, I wanted to make sense of it all, and how such expressions that arise in the standard model, had some framework in which it can follow.




Dürer Magic Square with Lines

A new perspective hidden in the Prof.dr R.H. Dijkgraaf second rendition, and thesis image, reveals a question mark of some significance?:) So how would we see the standard model in some "new context" once gravity is joined with some fifth dimensional view?

What gravity would imply if all dimensional relations are introduced to the entropic models of matter states, while this energy valuation to determination, using information gathered are forcing us to see in ways in regards to those same energy density states?

So you look for these things, in model approaches like, the first three minutes of Steven Weinberg's or even further yet into model approaches given here.


Big Bang Nucleosynthesis Edward L. Wright



OKay. So You Say the Beginning

As can be seen from the curves, at the higher temperatures only neutrons and protons exist, with there being more protons than neutrons. But, as the temperature decreases, there is an increase in the amount of deuterium and helium nuclei. Just below 1 billion degrees there is a significant increase in deuterium and helium, and a decrease in the abundance of protons and neutrons. This is the deuterium "bottleneck" mentioned previously. This uses up the all the free neutrons and some protons, and causes the neutron line to drop off, and the proton line to dip (relatively few protons are used up). The deuterium abundance only increases to a point because it is an intermediate to the formation of helium. So as it is created, it is quickly consumed to complete the process of helium nucleosynthesis. Once all the neutrons have been used up, its presence drops off.

So while you are intrigued by this beginning, something happens that confronts the rational, of how you ever got to this point. Does it matter? I think it does, and if you to are ever to conlucde this assertion of a cyclial nature, you need foundational perspective that helps recognize why string theorist's abhor infinities. What the heck do they mean?

In fact, the temperatures and densities reached in these collisions are similar to those found in the early universe a few microseconds after the Big Bang.

So how much closer can you be taken to the beginning? You need an overview for this cyclical nature to make sense of it.

My Attempt at Playwriting?

It's nice we have somebody to keep a tight reign on the transmissions of science in the media? :) I was thinking of those who collaborations are used when developing movie scenarios. "Brian Greene" playing himself on Frequency.

You played yourself--twice--in the movie, "Frequency". The movie is about a father communicating from 1969 with his son in the present on a ham radio, due to an unusual atmospheric aurora that bounces radio signals across time, not just space. You played Brian Greene being interviewed by Dick Cavett as both a younger and older man. Any reflections on either the interesting premise of the movie, or the adventures of being on the big screen?

I couldn't help think of

as an example of Humble Boy by Charlottle Jones?

In regards to "bumblebee wing rotations." This is my italicized bumbling attempt :( How a waiter with a tray could make a complete loop(bumblebees finding the quickest route while hovering or travelling), so how was it employed in this play(something about bee keeping, but not my version)?

Here's my attempt.

I'm Dressed up in a bumblebee suit waiting tables. While working I change my striped waiter vest completely inside out without it leaving my body? Qui Non!

As the science meme continues, the story unfolds:

Confused and lost in the abstract world, the waiter mistakenly puts on the suit not realizing he was not to take it so literal. The differentiation between the waking reality, and the one in which he was transported, was a psychological cover to mask the real events going on in his dream life.

Letting loose the masking and not retaining funtionability with his reality sense based recognitions, he slipped easily over the edge?

Alien transportation had occurred, and induced psychological dramas did not sway the determination of a mind that had venture into unfamiliar territory. The edge, was what was the limit of the people in the resturaunt, while the waiter, thought his actions normal. :)

In another scene Alien abductors, are left scratching their heads as to how model implants had been been foiled and taken so literal, when it was realized the waiter had already be abducted once before, and meme introduction had been superimposed over a previous attempt to included natural symbolic functions.

White Owl and the Bee clashed leaving the poor waiter in a state of actions less then correct while dawning hs suit.

On Humble Boy

I have not seen the play of Humble Boy, but the thought about plays was held in my thinking yesterday as Clifford talked about Nature.

So maybe that's the trick then? Read out loud/sound what you've written, brings dimensionality to the written word?:)

Humble Boy "Links" Borrowed:

National Theatre production

Manhattan Theatre Club production

Interview at Floreat Domus

Article in the Daily Telegraph

Article in Playbill

Article in Physics Today

Reviews:

The British Theatre Guide

CurtainUp

Daily Telegraph

Financial Times

The Guardian (1)

The Guardian (2)

Amanda Hodges

Humbug's Guide to London Theatre

The Independent (scroll down for review)

Tom Keatinge

New York

The Observer (1)

The Observer (2)

Online Review London

Talkin' Broadway

Vengatoro

The Village Voice

Charlotte Jones:

Profile at The Guardian

Charlotte Jones

Phase Transitions

While I am reading the discussion on cosmicvariance posted by Sean, Why 10 or 11?,I am struggling to see in ways that a lot of us are not accustom too. So for every way that is being presented for the layman, the struggle is to undertsand the relatinship to dimensional perspectve as shared by those who are speaking and clarifying.

What is held in the mind of one who would encompass all this from a event like the Gold Ion collision process, setting the stage for a comprehensive view, being talked about there?

I struggle.

While reading this, this is ole news, but if you hold it in context of what is being talked about in the abstract terms about "what began in the beginning," such associations are important for me as I delve into what is making sense and what isn't.

Earlier such a schematic revealled to us in earlier cosmolgical thinking/linking from the time from the big bang, would be ripe for associative analogies, to help push perspective? Well, it does for me. Of course, I am going beyond Steven Weinberg's first three minutes.

Understanding the nature of matter requires knowing the boundary between its different phases, and how it changes from one phase to another. For example, imagine trying to understand the nature of water without knowing that under the right conditions it can be transformed into ice or steam. To understand the nature of atomic nuclei, scientists have long treated the nuclei as tiny drops of liquid, for which the physical properties and behaviors have been well-characterized

.

Time

You need a "Axion point" to derive symmetry breaking from equilibrium? Hmmmmm..... I'm thinking here.

The idea is taking the first three minutes and moving it to the first three seconds and that's where strings come in...

I must warn you though, that the model of superstrngs is facing strong opposition today because is does not have the scienctific proof and validation that any model should have. On this basis alone ,it is being challenged.

One must remember though, that it has a strong theoretcial structure that will remain incomprehensible to most, to me, that I have only the faintest ideas as to the complexity of the math structures.

Part of this insight is to take macroscopic views and have them reduced to microperspective views while looking about the every structure of this universe. So they use the LHC/RhIC reference for analogies as to what happens in those very beginnings.

The overcoming incompatibility relationship between quantum mechanics and relativity has been the goal, and in this theoretcial structure, this has been accomplished.

Brian Greene

Time is far more subtle than our everyday experience would lead us to believe. In many ways, time may simply be a psychological construct for organizing the world. It is a device we scientists have found useful, but it may in fact be a dim approximation of something far more complex."

Einstein in his bold statements about a pretty girl helped to direct our attention to the fleeting moments. It was last years tribute to Einstein and Beyond that helped many in dfferent perspectves and of time bring us back to what this man did for us.

Kaluza and Klein helped to push this perspective further. Some debate this model as well, yet I do not know many who have advnaced our thinking from the geometrical inclinations as Einstein did for us when he attributed time to the spacetime realization of what Gravity does for us.

The spacetime fabric became something more then the very impression that mass would reveal of itself. Energy, had a relationship in this, and yet, we are drawn to the very implication of where two diffwerent points could have ever told us that spacetime is flat. Where is this? I have given three cases where this is possible, and I have given theoretical valuation to what strings have done for us, in our microscopic view of this universe.

You had to follow strings through the theoretcical developement assigned, in or colliders. What was the result of microstate blackhole production? HE⁴ or lagrange points between the earth, moon and sun?



You had to know what theoretical associations had been marrried to scientific progress. If you have somebody who denounces and rejects the model how would you have ever thought to unite flat space, with reality models?

This is the interesting thing about choosing models, is that experimental processes are not as devoid as those whose main goal was to affront string theory, was to announce this renunciation without ever understanding it's implications.



Setting up such a wall(Peter Woit) was a disservice to those who wanted to explore this theoretical structure. It's implications, as to the first three seconds of our universe. Steven Weinberg laid it out for us in the first three minutes, why not a more introspective view in the consequences of this universe borne to what it is?

Struggle within Self Becomes Strugge of Nation

The link post titled nameabove in title above will have to be corrected, and can be done in other places, but for now it has to remain as it is here.

Those CV people are Radicals for change, eh?:) See here, here, here?

"If you are not with us you are against us". Imagine such sentiments even within your own country? Could such a country become divisive within itself, that there is the emergence of a "left" and "right." and that you have just now assume the dubious "left." :)

I'm thinking of Sean's entry on perspective. The sound of "one hand clapping." Sort of the recognition, that if you change the "idealization to nonviolence," it acted as a force with which anger and aggressive attitudes of the "right" to control behavior of the left, had nothing against with which it could push?

Reserve one's judgement on the speech? :( What am I asking? Would automatically send up the hackles Qui! NOn!

Seeing the same cartoonist construct three different pieces on the same topic, from three standpoints, is really an edifying experience. Not only for my meager acuity in the visual arts, but to understand message and framing. I’ll share these three cartoons with you, as well as the rough draft.

There would be no sound. There would be no clapping. Just the recognition that "non violent" action would call sane citizens of the state, to recognzie diversity in opinion, and not polarize around such distinctions.

I know it's hard walking the (A)middleway. Sometimes this "heartway for expression" has to have applications moved to the head for correct thinking, least we are circumvented to the childish antics of emotive reactions in the probable future.

The "child" is the future, and to continunally challenge our emotive constructs( these things well imprinted in our own realities) that we say we cannot change of what has already happened? We can certainly change, how we will react in the future by challening these perspectives. A Clear mind and consise thinking, to combat what is embedded, will have fortunate consequences, although, the struggle to implement such a strategy, must unfold in order to change how we see into that future.

I am "constantly fighting"( my own battle with self) to bring sane recognition out of the historical background and "relative phrases" to situations that might become the struggle of nations, if one had thought to extend it's appliciability to such lengths? It's not that you fight your parents, and all that has been encoded in you, or that you change the reactionary way( this is part of our psychological makeup) in which you will emotively react(a "positive anger" for change is possible), but that there is a third choice, and one in which a better logic would materialize? Held to political distinctions that we had all might revert too.

That the emotive forced garnered a better visulaization then, not to be lead, by illusions of the religious right or to default on the irreligiousness of the left(?).

Would I have just been as guilty here in that last statement?

Now we've arrived at the end of the century, where crime, moral chaos, and politics driven by the often hollow sophistications of sociology and psychology all alert us to the breakdown of too many previous assumptions, particularly the coming apart of what might be called our ethical agreements with one another. Late capitalism, in apparent triumph, seems to encourage self-interest over any lingering sense of a commonwealth.

Who then are the better nation builders? That to continue to perfect this war that rages within ourselves would take this to the political stage and make the war happen on a much wider and divisive scale?

So who then who would the better nation builders be? Those that seek the third choice and the choice that recognizes change is very fast and becoming. That there is no time standing, always new.

As the Discussion continues

The point is that if any of you, "censored" like Peter likes too, then I would have thought the way they censored your comments Mark and Joanne, would have been felt an affrontation about getting to the heart of issues, "equally frustating" in other venues.

I recognize your efforts as well of doing "something" amidst such censorhips. Getting to the heart of issues against "flagrant attitudes" politicized, requires that we think twice about what some who contribute, and what cannot work to the advanges of clear thinking?

A double edged sword? :)

Would one defend another of equal stature in regards to science who ID intelligent conversation as to express one's own agenda not deterrred as "negative way" to the right way? :)

I would rather focus on "nation building" as you have.

How has profound thinking been changed? I think the teachers are suppose to let us decide instead of them deciding for us. We are suppose to find our way as you lay correct infomration before us instead of packaging it, and saying ,this is wrong becuase I say so?

Maybe these are the failing attributes as parents, we assign to our children in those hidden meme's?:)

Are We Made of Stardust?

IN context of the cyclical nature of this universe, it is behooving to us to ask the question about what exactly that "stardust" is made up of. So we had some inkling for us lay people as to what had currently landed for us to answer this question.

The primary objective of the Stardust mission is to capture both cometary samples and interstellar dust. Main challenges to accomplishing this successfully involve slowing down the particles from their high velocity with minimal heating or other effects that would cause their physical alteration. When the Stardust Spacecraft encounters the Comet Wild 2, the impact velocity of the particles will be up to 6 times the speed of a rifle bullet. Although the captured particles will each be smaller than a grain of sand, high-speed capture could alter their shape and chemical composition - or even vaporize them entirely.

So while they had designed the experimental process to catch "stardust," did we in all our understanding see the reasons why this process was to become the experimental challenge it was? They had to be convinced, that using these dollars to make the undertaking part of the conclusions, on a supernova scale, these "elements" could have been comparatively analyized, as to what is left for us to inspect and measure in relation?

Many of the more common elements were made through nuclear fusion in the cores of stars, but many were not as well. Because nuclear fusion reactions that make elements heavier than iron require more energy than they give off, such reactions do not occur under stable conditions that occur in stars. Supernovae, on the other hand, are not stable, so they can make these heavy elements beyond iron.

In addition to making elements, supernovae scatter the elements (made by both the star and supernova) out in to the interstellar medium. These are the elements that make up stars, planets and everything on Earth -- including ourselves.

Part of the expulsion from supernovic explosions is the evidence that we can gather. While the demonstrative fawcetts of analysis give us inklings in this model below, the real story is how such explusions had taken their place in the overall view in formation of this universe.

It is as if we must put on a special kind of glasses, and see all that we are doing in a geomtrical expressive stage, that runs through the topological and homophoric relations that we could say, indeed D-brane analysis will have served it theoretcial purpose, and shed new light on this process.

While I engage it simplistically and speak simplestically on it's developement, there are technical aspect that are very far from my having the native tongue of math, that I could show this. But other people are, which is quite satisfying.

The Landscape of the Neighborhood

Can you imagine the photography used in those days, and what we have today in terms of our digital cameras. It certainly is amazing in comparison.

I was lucky enough to have pictures saved of my great grandparents. It is always interesting to see where you came from, and what the background is in one's history. Some think Plato less than human in emotions and some think a unhappy existance. It truly is not so.:)

Some might wonder indeed what is so beautiful about this landscape below. Really, when you see the fields waving as they do close to harvesting season, you'd realize how captive it is.

Some might of thought I would have been talking about the "stringy theory issues" but no, this is about something else. It's about the views of what my Great grandparents saw when they came to this country, and saw some of what you are seeing here.

I wanted to add a earlier post written last year It was Called,

Where Memories are Stored in Time

Fortunately the person behind this lense caught a important part of my bloodline's history. Using the camera, they caught a "frame" of this history and quickly, it was dismissed to the realization, that the imagination no longer requires us to see what we could create in mind. We have come to rely on what can be created for us?


Life memory does not include the images that are beammed through time for us and encapsulated? Do we remember?  

Have we forgotten, the clean air that once pervaded this planet? They took the population of this countries people and urbanized them to city dwellings?


Everyone has a family history. This is part of mine. The world was very much different then. 

Have we forgotten the room that existed for people, to make there livelihoods? Today, to become more concerned with a window view of some office. Is it the status that would allow our mind to roam in a freer space, then the four walls confined?


City Dwellers have forgotten their roots. Water that might have been scarce in the summer sun, would be collected as ground water. This was used to feed the livestock, and support the families drinking concerns.

Today we turn on taps and and we don't give this another thought. 

As we look to our grandchildren skating on the pond, and look "beyond" to the landscape, what mind is it that the frame of all these images are recorded, and forgotten for ever?

Every child now does not see, what ever child before them saw. Every child does not know what the parent knows? Have we become good modulators of form?

I wanted to add this post that was previously written as well.

Where Hockey Started, and Horses Live

Platos Human face?

There is a human side to the faces of Bloggers? We just tend to forget, that human attributes could have been wiped out in a very technical world.

This is of my grand children feeling the ice in November of 2005.


Why Canadians become Great at Hockey? 

It's always nice to feel the earth under your feet, or the smell of wood smoke from a fire burning. To hear the wind, and feel it effects on your face. The smell of horseshit is not always that endearing, but being in touch with one's human side you learn to empathize with those around you.


At twenty five below celcius you have to wonder about cozy temperatures of the far south 

The fellow on the left facing you is my boy.:) In the middle is his son Jake, and the mother to the right, with head not seen, Tisha.



So here we are.

Today Outside

So now I am going to bring you today and some of the nice things that reminds of us of where we are in our lives.

My wife was outside today, taking some pictures of the snow that fell yesterday. She said these pictures in particluar were taken to remind us of the winter,in the summer time, when it gets warm. Keep it as a screen saver

While the thing of nature would seem so cold, a snow that many down south would not see, it will remain strange and foreign to some. To us, it is a very beautiful scenery when the suns shines.




IN the Summer

She is very good at picture taking and I just wanted to show the collage of flowers that she grew outside our home. She indeed has the "green thumb" in this family.

Being Informed On things One might of Missed

Some links and slides given by Dr. Nick Evan. Clifford of Cosmic Variance relayed this information in a titled post called, "Return to the Fold"

Every model assumption has to involve the understanding of all "science processes." "If" any of these processes are missed, then the assumptions that we move from, to those speculations beyond models and further idealizations, will suffer under the idealization of correct thinking and hence, spread misconceptions.

This is not my ideal, so then indeed such an idea of working in the blogosphere is not to advance an ideal that I have about life and the learning that it has taken me too, but fully recognizing that to advance under the auspice of right thinking, requires further work and understanding of these science principles.

Two articles from Physics World - String Theory Meets QCD & The Gravity of Hadrons.

The Search for the Ultimate Theory - on steps towards grand unification.

Particles & Strings - an overview of the frontier of particle physics and string theory.

Brane World - an introduction to the latest ideas from string theory

Quarks & Strings - an introduction to the duality between quarks and string theory

Understanding Nothing - the physics of the vacuum.

Light Fantastic - talk for a laser show about Relativity, Quantum Mechanics and Particle Physics

Cosmic Rays Collisions and Strangelets Produced?

I like to think of Enlightenment in another way Jaffe:)

While we had focused our attention on the airs about the earth, how would it been possible for us earthlings to push back the limitations on on our views that we could have seen cosmological data in context of all that we do in the environment?

See QuarkStars on this.

The collisions are strange: PHENIX can identify particles that contain strange quarks, which are interesting since strange quarks are not present in the original nuclei so they all must be produced. It is expected that a Quark-Gluon Plasma will produce a large amount of strange quarks. In particular, PHENIX has measured lambda particles. There are more lambda particles seen than expected.

I thought I would go over existing post I made in April of 2005 (se revised version below)and correct some of the links that would be more appropriate to information released in the Blogs of Reference Frame, Cosmic Variance and Not Even Wrong's site about "Amanda and ICECUBE."

Exotic physics finds black holes could be most 'perfect,' low-viscosity fluid

Son and two colleagues used a string theory method called the gauge/gravity duality to determine that a black hole in 10 dimensions - or the holographic image of a black hole, a quark-gluon plasma, in three spatial dimensions - behaves as if it has a viscosity near zero, the lowest yet measured.

These characteristics of superfluids are very interesting things to consider, as well as what is prodcuerd in "this action" as we are taken to the supefluid created. Think indeed, that this blackhole "is" the superfluid, and the strangelets, what are these? These never existed, until the superfluid was created?

But in the 10 dimensions of string theory, the fluid of a black hole isn't like other fluids. Space-time is considered to be flat in our perception, Son said, and five of the extra dimensions are compacted into a small, finite sphere. In the remaining dimension, however, space is curved. Evaporation doesn't occur in this dimension, he said, because as particles radiate from the fluid they strike the curved edge of the dimension and are sent bouncing back into the black hole.

These links help set up the thinking for information outside of LHC, that was given for perspective back earlier by John Ellis. The leading perspective on Microstate blackhole production was given then as well in the post with Quark Gluon perspectives, about strangelets produced.

While I had thought these relevant to Dark energy creation in our Cosmo, I did not point directly to the nature of these strangelets gathering at the center of our planet. You had to follow all these posts in order to understand the effect of microstate production, not only in RHIC or LHC, but in the cosmic perspective gained from Pierre Auger experiments as well.

I gave early history consideration so that you might understand a early concern of what mankind might have garnered in thinking, when in actuallity, this was happening naturally every time the cosmic rays penetrated the airs around the earth.

You might well see now that these considerations have been logically followed and there has not been much help as I had been laying the ground work for how perspective is garnered about gravitational considerations. These though are quickly dissipating blackholes created in the airs, around this planet.

Cosmic rays are nuclei and elementary particles always falling very fast on the earth from the universe. Enormous number of cosmic rays are always passing through our bodies. Cosmic rays was discovered by Victor Hess, who is an Austrian physicist, on 1912. He went up to the high altitude of 4000 meters by a balloon and found the ionization rate of the atmosphere is raised at the higher altitude by cosmic rays. After that, cosmic rays have been studied extensively and progressively, and mysteries in the Universe and the Nature are being revealed.

Cosmic rays come from the neighborhood of the Earth and also far galaxies. Galactic and extra galactic cosmic rays are considered to be accelerated at dynamical astronomical objects, such as supernova remnants, neutron stars,and active galactic nuclei. After far-reaching long traveling, they plunge into the atmosphere and bring about nuclear interactions with nuclei of oxygen and nitrogen in the air. The extraterrestrial cosmic rays which come from outside the earth are conventionally called primary cosmic rays, and newly produced particles via the nuclear interactions are called secondary cosmic rays. The main components of the secondary cosmic rays are muon, neutrino, electron, gamma ray, and neutron. While electrons and gamma rays are absorbed into the air, muons and neutrinos can be observed even under the ground.

Of course, this could all be speculation and misconceptions garnered in wrong thinking. So I'll leave it to the experts to correct the disemmination that would affront theoretical positions and hopefully I'll see such corrections. :)

Update: Bloggery updating does not seem to be working, so I will recreate the post here for examination.

4/16/2005

Cosmic ray experiments must overcome tremendous obstacles. The flux of particles above 10¹⁹ eV is extremely low (about 0.5 km-2yr-1sr-1), so detectors need to probe a large effective area to detect sufficient flux. This requires earthbound observatories. Consequently, the high energy particle is detected indirectly, as cosmic ray primaries entering the Earth's atmosphere interact with atmospheric nuclei to produce large cascades of relativistic secondary particles known as extensive air showers.

It somehow seems appropriate, that having been given some hint fom John Ellis of his research and interests, that the historical record could some how be brought into view. The appearnce of these references enhance later log entries on this site. A sort of moving backwards to get to the esence of what has happened in astrophysics and the journey tounderstand the nergies involved that speak to the idea of particle shower creation that had been consistent with reductionistics view we have gone through in the research of string theory.

The highest energy particle ever observed was detected by the Fly's Eye in 1991. With an energy of 3.5 x 10²⁰eV (or 56J), the particle, probably a proton or a light nucleus, had 108 times more energy than particles produced in the largest earth-bound accelerators. The origin of the particle is unknown. At such a high energy, and with its assumed charge, the path of this particle through the cosmos would have been relatively unaffected by galactic and intergalactic magnetic fields. Yet no plausible astrophysical source is known along the arrival direction, within the maximum possible source distance imposed by collisions with photons of the cosmic microwave background. This event remains a mystery! It is clear that it existed, but there is no obvious explanation for its source.

These are some of the links that follow the early hisotry of our observations, so that we underrstand well that such cosmic rays are still viable arena for the understanding of these interactions. Sean Carroll may create the April's fool joke on mass migration from particle reductionistionism to astrophycics, but the truth is what is learnt is very applicable to both arenas and what had been learnt, can never be forgotten as we move our observations to the FLY'EYE

Collision Course Creates Microscopic "Blackholes"

Pierre Auger Observatory

Cosmological and Microstate Blackholes

Early history developement is sometimes important to understand the trends that intermingle began in branches of High Energy Particle Research and Cosmic particle research. We understood well the limitation that we would run into for the size of the coliders necessary for such observations that having understod the limits reached in this regard we see where one branch will push us to consider the world around us and the inertactions developing towards the understanding of thes ecosmic showers that we are experiencing.


Extremely energetic cosmic rays interact with the cosmic background photons via pair creation and photopion production and lose their energies during their trip. Therefore there is upper limit of distances which they can propagete in the space with a given energy. The above figure shows this limit (so called attenuation length) in case of cosmic ray protons. You see the 2x10^20 eV particles cannot propagate longer than 30 Mpc (100 million light years), which sets the limit concerning the location of possible sources.


Other Information Shamelessly Boorrowed:

Search for Diffuse Cosmic Gamma Rays above 200 TeV
Cassiday, G.L. et al.1991, Ap.J., 375,202.

A Search for Evidence of Point Sources in the Cherenkov Flash Data From Fly's Eye II
Elbert, J.W. et al.1991, ICRC, 1,265.

Search for Point Sources of U.H.E. Gamma Rays Using the Utah Cherenkov Array
Corbato, S.C. et al.1991, ICRC, 1,281.

The High Resolution Fly's Eye (Hires): Parameters and Motivation
Borodovsky, J. et al.1991, ICRC, 2,688.

Description and Status of the High Resolution (Hires) Fly's Eye Experiment
Au, W. et al.1991, ICRC, 2,692.

Observations of Real and Simulated Showers Using the First Two High Resolution Fly's Eye (Hires) Mirrors
Borodovsky, J. et al.1991, ICRC, 2,696.

Study of Extensive Air Showers (EAS) Detected with the Fly's Eye and the UMC Air Shower Array
Green, K.D. et al.1991, ICRC, 4,347.

Shower Simulations for the Fly's Eye
Gaisser, T.K. et al.1991, ICRC, 4,413.

Limits on Deeply Penetrating Particles from the Fly's Eye Detector
Cooper, R. et al.1991, ICRC, 4,623.