Cosmological and Microstate Blackholes

Perspectives On Nature's Greatest Puzzles

Nima Arkani-Hamed
:

First rule of progress in science-better to follow your nose, then twiddle your thumbs

My perspectives are elementary generalizations from the views of those at the forefront of theoretcical research into comprehenson of the nature of this cosmo and the ideas of it's cyclical nature. Where else shal we consider this rebirth of sorts but to have been taken to the origins and how we percieve this same universe?

From the general public perspective concepts, which are developing will never make sense, if they did not understand the work that brought these two perspectives together and created this trend to the cosmological pallette for fun, with the theoretical approaches seen in high energy considerations?

Once these views of the cosmological design were contemplated, they revealled a deeper intricacy into the geometry/topological considerations. It was not to far a leap to considered the early universe foundations in the gravitational collapse of those same blackholes, would lead us to the ideas in high energy considerations.


Has the Track Record Been Poven?

Nima Arkani-Hamed:

Our Mantra:
LHC + L.C. will reveal natural theory of weak scale

Once it was understood that such balckhole creation could be idealic produced in the in high energy considerations, the expansive technique to developemental policies quickly reocgnized the diversity? With how the new views would form in minds which had been enaged in string theory. To understand well this covering, that had been placed over all the perspective leading through the standard model comprehension mode. They had discovered the nature of this cyclical universe already?:)

Should this be transcended into allotment of financial gain and to push perspective into the most approrpiate directions? Was it was safe and sound enough in the work that had been moved into the idealization of those same microstate blackholes, then the choice given John Ellis and others would have been far reaching in what direction such courses of event would lead too, into the future.

Having recognized that these trends would now force the move from theoretical design to one of experiementalist having developing proofs , John moves us forward here in the developement phase of cosmological interactions taking place in the field of experience of our earth and it's relation with the sun.

LIGO Translation

But lets not forget the work LIGO has done in transforming our views of the early history. Webber, John Wheeler and Kip Thorne and others, took it upon themselves to orientate the view not once, but many times to see where such progression has lead to the developement of LIGO operations and Detection.

This forced the current trends in string research to produce students that would move this subject into new directions? Now geared to questions of what that gravity might have surmised in its expression and developement. Hence the title of this thread.

TimeSpeak

One of the things that appeared so strange to me was in how we could look at gravitational variances with scientific means. As we know now, this is being accomplished in ways that test the minds imagination, as to how we would apply these features here to earth, and beyond.

You and I know it as a time machine. Physicists, on the other hand, call it a "closed timelike curve." Below, feast on the concepts and conjectures, the dialects and definitions that physicists rely on when musing about the possibility of time travel. If this list only whets your appetite for more, we recommend you have a gander at the book from which we excerpted this glossary: Black Holes and Time Warps: Einstein's Outrageous Legacy, by Kip S. Thorne (Norton, 1994).

Failing to move into the abstract realms of higher dimensional figurations, is one of the exploits that we can operate with in the realm of human experience? Why would we not look at these examples? So, if we have enough examples, how would this lay out in experimental context. Is the Earth not so round any more?

Now of course I will assume that the world of spacetime has been reached and understood by most readers. In so recognizing this capability of those same people I then want to re-instroduce some of the concepts that captured my mind as I delved further into string theory and the dimensional inferences that soon materialized.

1. Where is Gravity Stronger?
2. When Gravity Becomes Strong?
3. Time and Gravity
4. Microstates of Quantum Gravity
5. Primordial Gravitational Waves?
6. A Sphere that is Not So Round

Time is of your own making;
its clock ticks in your head.
The moment you stop thought
time too stops dead. Angelus Silesius

Now much as we would like to speak about the concepts of "Time" in spacetime regard, it is very important that we extend our vocabulary in terms of what the mind will do to stretch it's capabilities when considering the abstract world of dimensional attributes. We understand well I think the limits in the strength's and weakness in terms of what we may see of the universe now. The microscopic view, within the context of a the cosmological view?

Timeline

There are reasons for this theme, that I thought most appropriate to the discussion of illusion and miracles.

In the thread previous to this one, a concept is put forward by Arkani-Hamed that focuses on the issue of the timeline from my perspective, relates to what Peter Woit speaks about here. I will try and explain, but I needed to comprehend better Peter's position.

Peter Woit:

Another way of saying it is that in the standard model you have an SU(3)xSU(2)xU(1) principal bundle, and the geometry of the fibers is tightly constrained by the gauge symmetry, which is why the theory works so beautifully.

But before addressing this a couple of things came to mind today that pointed to the need for this timeline to be addressed in a most appropriate manner that would tax the minds position it had assumed to free it to other possible realms for consideration.

So I place here two idealizations that I thought of first and by doing this help hopefully to orientate peoples minds around the string issue and it's place in the spectrum of possibilties.

The Planck Epoch



In order to further expand this conceptual frame work, I am reminded of the Glast determinations and spectrum analysis we have engaged, which has allowed a deeper look at the timeline of events. The place from that earlier time.

It was not to difficult to realize that work and place was being supplanted by a theoretical approached, so new ideas could emerge from current established views. Assumptions of theoretcial models would pushed the mind into other venues of considertaion and force upon it, the realities of acceptance.

The Pre-Big Bang Scenario in String CosmologyM. Gasperini1 and G. Veneziano

During the past thirty years, mainly thanks to accelerator experiments of higher and higher energy and precision, the standard model of particle physics has established itself as the uncontested winner in the race for a consistent description of electroweak and strong interaction phenomena at distances above 10⁻¹⁵ cm or so. There are, nonetheless, good reasons (in particular the increasing evidence for non-vanishing neutrino masses [388, 568, 569]) to believe that the standard model is not the end of the story. The surprising validity of this model at energies below 100 GeV, as well as the (in)famous Higgs mass fine-tuning problem, suggest some supersymmetric extension of the standard model (for a review see [501]) as the most likely improved description of non-gravitational phenomena over a few more decades in the ladder of scales. It is however quite likely that other questions that are left unanswered by the standard model, such as the peculiarities of fermionic masses and mixings, the family pattern, C, P, CP, B violation, etc., will only find their answers at –or around– the much higher energies at which all gauge interactions appear to unify [21]. This energy scale appears to be embarrassingly close (on a logarithmic scale) to the so-called Planck mass, MP ∼ 10¹⁹ GeV, the scale at which gravity becomes strong and needs to be quantized.

On the one hand then we see where this timeline of physics and it's approach has been and still remians consistent with established views, but we have overlayed this idealization of the spectrum with a new approach to place the established geometries toplogiies that are curently being put forward in the mathematical realms for further extension of these natural laws? So what math shall preceed these views, if we do not change the concepts we had currently established to have the mind consider other prorposals?


Drawing by Glen Edwards, Utah State University, Logan, UT

Here I will refer back to Kip Thorne and the plate for consideration about how we see this timeline further illucidated upon( I mean really)and now we place it here in context of a new approach?

Time and Gravity

Einstein wrote

>"...for us physicists believe the separation between past, present, and future is only an illusion, although a convincing one."

After being changed by assuming the views of string theory, something happened in my perspective about understanding the dimensional significance of the history of our existance? Reading and working the GR evolution and seeing what Wheeler and Kip Thorne had done, I was not going to be to easily dismissed by those who do not want to find relevance in this association.

Previously, I have show some detection methods that are being implored to understand what GR has lead us too. What happens when a quantum mechanical view wants to merge as a form of quantum geometry, in these short distances.

The Beginning of Time, by Stephen Hawking

The conclusion of this lecture is that the universe has not existed forever. Rather, the universe, and time itself, had a beginning in the Big Bang, about 15 billion years ago. The beginning of real time, would have been a singularity, at which the laws of physics would have broken down. Nevertheless, the way the universe began would have been determined by the laws of physics, if the universe satisfied the no boundary condition. This says that in the imaginary time direction, space-time is finite in extent, but doesn't have any boundary or edge. The predictions of the no boundary proposal seem to agree with observation. The no boundary hypothesis also predicts that the universe will eventually collapse again. However, the contracting phase, will not have the opposite arrow of time, to the expanding phase. So we will keep on getting older, and we won't return to our youth. Because time is not going to go backwards, I think I better stop now.

It was well evident that we had minds who are engaging thes econcepts and helping us along, it became clear, that the distance from the events of gamma ray burts will have released information at one end of the spectrum that ha sbeen adjust for a finer view of the times in terms of these billions of years?




The measure of this distance has left information for us to consider? Has left traces of these events for us to consider in these detection systems. How much closer has "particle identification," taken us to the source of these events?

Not to shabby with the thinking minds, that we could have gained in perspective with thinking and intelligent beings, who slowly moved us forward in the evolution of our understanding.

Quantum Harmonic Oscillators

If the basis of this thinking has not emerged out of GR then what value could we have assigned zero point vibration? If the scalable features of GR could not have followed some geometrical thinking, then the world that we move too, in non-euclidean views, could have never revealled hyperdimensional thinking. Which needs a quantum mechanical thinking to emerge as well?


In the late 1950s, Weber became intrigued by the relationship between gravitational theory and laboratory experiments. His book, General Relativity and Gravitational Radiation, was published in 1961, and his paper describing how to build a gravitational wave detector first appeared in 1969. Weber's first detector consisted of a freely suspended aluminium cylinder weighing a few tonnes. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Weber announced that he had recorded simultaneous oscillations in detectors 1000 km apart, waves he believed originated from an astrophysical event. Many physicists were sceptical about the results, but these early experiments initiated research into gravitational waves that is still ongoing. Current gravitational wave experiments, such as the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) and Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), are descendants of Weber's original work.

Geons, Blackholes & Quantum Foam, by John Archibald Wheeler, with Kenneth Ford, page 236, para 2.
"

This hypothetical entity, a gravitating body made up entirely of electromagnetic fields. I call geon(g for the gravity, e for electromagnetism," and on as the word root for"particle"). There is no evidence for geons in nature and later was able to show that they are unstable-they would quickly self-destruct if they were ever to form. Nevertheless it is tempting to think that nature has a way of exercising all the possibilties open to it. Perhaps geons had a transitory exitance early in history of the universe. Perhaps(as some students and I speculate much more recently), they provide an intermediate stage in the creation of the balckholes

."



Drawing by Glen Edwards, Utah State University, Logan, UT

If such thinking of the spacetime would have been moved from macroscopic thinking, how would we have ascertained the continued developement of GR from this as an microscopic view?



Without some way in which to look at the developing nature of GR, how would we not have not of considered the nature of these gravitational events in the cosmo? If we coud not scale the nature of the measure, between two points, what value would there ever be in considering the strength of the gravitational fields?

Gravitational waves can be viewed as ripples of the space-time. They occur in two fundamental states of polarization, usually known as 'cross' and 'plus'. The effect on matter of the passage of gravitational radiation is a squeezing and stretching, depending on the phase of the wave. For instance the effect on a ring of test masses is shown in fig. 1, in the reference frame that is in free fall with the center of mass. The upper raw refers to the plus polarization while the second to the cross polarization; the ring is deformed by the wave and the effect is shown at different phases

As we look back in time, here it is easy to see having understood this developement of gravitational wave detection that the principals underlying the developing thoughts came from Webber's expansive contractive, features of all things? It would manifest through all things and Kip Thorne deducing this understanding, was lead to consider LIGO as a important fucntion of discerningthese grviaational waves. INstead of Webber's way of thinking he developed another way in which to percieve this energy being deciminated in the bulk of our imaginations.

The Cosmic String

It was important for me to recognize the microcosmic view, could have been united with cosmological proportions, and revealled structural integrity to the way in which the universe was formed. If such views were manifesting from planck Epoch realizations, then it really was kind of easy to see how such conceptualizations might have revealled themselves in stringy ways? I have deferred from brane considerations( this is most interestng to me of holographical proportions that such branes could intersect themselves to coordinated references?) at this point to explore this unusual unversal explanation.





This figure shows the SDSS spectrum of a quasar at a distance of 12 billion light years. The middle panel shows the complete spectrum. The upper panel is an expanded view of the region of the spectrum affected by the filaments of gas whose clumping is the focus of the present study. Each of the hundreds of dips in the spectrum corresponds to a different parcel of gas along the line of sight between the quasar and the Earth. This is schematically shown in the lower panel, which indicates a line of sight through a simulation 30 million light years across of the distribution of gas in the universe. The clumpiness of the gas is determined by, among other things, the constituents of the universe, including dark matter, dark energy, and massive neutrinos. Renyue Cen of Princeton University carried out the simulation.

A lot of times it seems the general concept is far fleeting from educated minds that in a laymen's way I wanted to put forward a generalized view from information gathered. I hope this summation is correct?












Scharf and Mukherjee's new research compared a catalog of 2,469 galaxy clusters with the Compton database. Using sophisticated statistical techniques, they showed that the sky surrounding the most massive clusters was systematically brighter in gamma rays than other regions.

"The more massive the cluster (and greater the gravitational potential), the brighter the gamma-ray halo," said Mukherjee. "The enhancement observed was very similar to that predicted by the Loeb-Waxman theory."

Without some dynamical realization of that early universe it wouldn't make much sense not to consider the deepening revelation of how we percieve that Window on the Universe? Kip Thorne's early introspective views have become interesting ways in which to interpret that same universe, with Ligo and other means. From Wheelers day, it was important to understand this developement, along with Bells Theorem.

How could we not have considered the temeprature values of that same early universe and not wondered about the nature of supergravity associated with these energy considerations? How else might we understand resonance curve?