Fritz London

Fritz London was born in Breslau, Germany, and came to the United States by way of Oxford in 1939. With his younger brother Heinz he began studies of superconductivity in 1935. He was responsible for developing some of our most basic theoretical ideas on the subject, including the London movement, the conjecture that magnetic flux in a superconductor might be quantized, and the realizations that superconductivity must be interpreted as a cooperative phenomenon among large numbers of electrons based on a process known as momentum-ordering.