Journal Club

A journal club is a group of individuals who meet regularly to critically evaluate recent articles in scientific literature. Journal clubs are usually organized around a defined subject in basic or applied research. For example, the application of evidence-based medicine to some area of medical practice can be facilitated by a journal club. Typically, each participant can voice their view relating to several questions such as the appropriateness of the research design, the statistics employed, the appropriateness of the controls that were used, etc. There might be an attempt to synthesize together the results of several papers, even if some of these results might first appear to contradict each other. Even if the results of the study are seen as valid, there might be a discussion of how useful the results are and if these results might lead to new research or to new applications.

Journal clubs are sometimes used in the education of graduate or professional students. These help make the student become more familiar with the advanced literature in their new field of study. In addition, these journal clubs help improve the students' skills of understanding and debating current topics of active interest in their field. This type of journal club may sometimes be taken for credit. Research laboratories may also organize journal clubs for all researchers in the lab to help them keep up with the literature produced by others who work in their field.

 History

The earliest references to a journal club is found in a book of memoirs and letters by the late Sir James Paget, a British surgeon, who describes a group at St. Bartholomew's Hospital in London in the mid-19th century as "a kind of club ... a small room over a baker's shop near the Hospital-gate where we could sit and read the journals."^[1]
Sir William Osler established the first formalized journal club at McGill University in Montreal in 1875. The original purpose of Osler's journal club was "for the purchase and distribution of periodicals to which he could ill afford to subscribe."^[2]

External links

• Dayton, A. I. (2006). "Beyond open access: open discourse, the next great equalizer". Retrovirology 3 (1): 55. doi:10.1186/1742-4690-3-55. PMC 1569436. PMID 17007632.

 References

1. ^ Esisi, Martina. "Journal clubs." BMJ Careers. 13 Oct. 2007. Web. 09 Jan. 2010. <http://careers.bmj.com/careers/advice/view-article.html?id=2631#ref2>.
2. ^ Milbrandt, Eric B., and Jean-Louis Vincent. "Evidence-based medicine journal club." Critical Care (2004): 401-02. PubMed. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 3 Nov. 2004. Web. 10 Jan. 2010. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1065082/>

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See Also: Journal Club – Black Holes Made All The Difference by Steve Nerlich on March 24, 2012

Intuition

Like Truth.....how is it one could have found any use of such an subjective tool while recognizing something inherent in the process of discovery? Your thoughts?

Here's two quotes for consideration.

Intuition and Logic in Mathematics by Henri Poincaré

On the other hand, look at Professor Klein: he is studying one of the most abstract questions of the theory of functions to determine whether on a given Riemann surface there always exists a function admitting of given singularities. What does the celebrated German geometer do? He replaces his Riemann surface by a metallic surface whose electric conductivity varies according to certain laws. He connects two of its points with the two poles of a battery. The current, says he, must pass, and the distribution of this current on the surface will define a function whose singularities will be precisely those called for by the enunciation.

Felix Klein on intuition

It is my opinion that in teaching it is not only admissible, but absolutely necessary, to be less abstract at the start, to have constant regard to the applications, and to refer to the refinements only gradually as the student becomes able to understand them. This is, of course, nothing but a universal pedagogical principle to be observed in all mathematical instruction ....

I am led to these remarks by the consciousness of growing danger in Germany of a separation between abstract mathematical science and its scientific and technical applications. Such separation can only be deplored, for it would necessarily be followed by shallowness on the side of the applied sciences, and by isolation on the part of pure mathematics ....

In context of examination while not mathematically trained I was always curious about the process unfolding.... the foundations and their beginnings. The Sound Of Billiard Balls

Dirac became proof for me of the issue of being abstract while needing the image to go with it? Symbolically recognized while analytically described. So his axiomatic stance lead me to question why how and why Feynman designed his "word art(feynman diagrams)?"

When one is doing mathematical work, there are essentially two different ways of thinking about the subject: the algebraic way, and the geometric way. With the algebraic way, one is all the time writing down equations and following rules of deduction, and interpreting these equations to get more equations. With the geometric way, one is thinking in terms of pictures; pictures which one imagines in space in some way, and one just tries to get a feeling for the relationships between the quantities occurring in those pictures. Now, a good mathematician has to be a master of both ways of those ways of thinking, but even so, he will have a preference for one or the other; I don't think he can avoid it. In my own case, my own preference is especially for the geometrical way.Paul Dirac

Part of finding this truth is a deep examination(deep play) of what has been perpetuated so far and a meta look synopsis at how to gather and explain it so as to move on.

The deeper truth is an image that has to be explained? Part of our innateness has left an impression on the soul and recognizing the "time capsule" that is mandala in origins, is the method by which the soul engages what explodes back into their consciousness? This arises from a subconscious level and so too having traveled there you recognize what happens when you touch the very core of your being?

While I may refer to the geometric as inherent in such a truth in expression as some light behind us shining our shadow on the cave walls, these geometries can be covered by ancient designs and can lead the soul back to this beginning?

While you were looking out there, you were looking inside.

***

On developing the intuition I had a comment that I wanted to bring together here so it is understood that while we may hold science as a standard within our question for knowledge it is also required that we learn to understand somethings about ourselves in that process.

See: Understanding our Angels and Daemons

The Truth

The value of non-Euclidean geometry lies in its ability to liberate us from preconceived ideas in preparation for the time when exploration of physical laws might demand some geometry other than the Euclidean. Bernhard Riemann

Yes, this is what I had in mind too, as too identify the last place with which the historical paved the way to meeting Non Euclidean.

The amount of dark matter and energy in the universe plays a crucial role in determining the geometry of space. If the density of matter and energy in the universe is less than the critical density, then space is open and negatively curved like the surface of a saddle Geometry of the Universe

With it's application understood in terms of how one might see the shape of the universe, the truth in understanding is the search for how our universe does have a basis in a geometrical truth? What shape then?

Riemannian Geometry, also known as elliptical geometry, is the geometry of the surface of a sphere. It replaces Euclid's Parallel Postulate with, "Through any point in the plane, there exists no line parallel to a given line." A line in this geometry is a great circle. The sum of the angles of a triangle in Riemannian Geometry is > 180°.

If one understands the purpose of the truth with which is presented "on the scales" what relationship is subjectively compared to how gravity may affect the idea of an emotive world that is circumspect by our views being contained/weight. It could be as much "as a fog that exists" until some idea of a "clear light like perspective" is understood? How our perception of earth has now been transformed from the pearl in space to some strange looking rock in space

***

Galileo Galilei

In 1586 at the age of 22, Galileo (1564-1642) wrote a short treatise entitled La Bilancetta (“The Little Balance”). He was skeptical of Vitruvius’s account of how Archimedes determined the fraud in Hiero's crown and in this treatise presented his own theory based on Archimedes’ Law of the Lever and Law of Buoyancy. He also included a description of a hydrostatic balance that determined the precise composition of an alloy of two metals.

So on a subjective level we want to put forward the best constitution that we can so we try and find the basis of this truth as it would apply to all people. I think this is what came out of Benjamin Franklin when he was involved in the writing of the US Constitution. perusing Jefferson words as to better clarify the meaning of.

We hold (they say) these truths to be self-evident: That all men are created equal. In what are they created equal? Is it in size, understanding, figure, moral or civil accomplishments, or situation of life? Benjamin Franklin-The Gentleman's Magazine, vol. 46, pp. 403–404)

When I spoke of Benjamin Franklin I was referring to a philosophical truth that is inductive\deductive.

Our attempt to justify our beliefs logically by giving reasons results in the "regress of reasons." Since any reason can be further challenged, the regress of reasons threatens to be an infinite regress. However, since this is impossible, there must be reasons for which there do not need to be further reasons: reasons which do not need to be proven. By definition, these are "first principles." The "Problem of First Principles" arises when we ask Why such reasons would not need to be proven. Aristotle's answer was that first principles do not need to be proven because they are self-evident, i.e. they are known to be true simply by understanding them.

Even with all the scientific truth that is as tested, as an individual finding that place within with which such a conclusion is arrived at.....is much like "setting the tone" that will reverberate though your whole life?

The truth is not just mathematical although such reductionism can be sought to have been derived from First Principles? Where is this place? Where inside is this place?

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See Also: 

• What Began all Else Follows

Beacons of Discovery

To discover what our world is made of and how it works at the most fundamental level is the challenge of particle physics. The tools of particle physics—experiments at particle accelerators and underground laboratories, together with observations of space—bring opportunities for discovery never before within reach. Thousands of scientists from universities and laboratories around the world collaborate to design, build and use unique detectors and accelerators to explore the fundamental physics of matter, energy, space and time. Together, in a common world-wide program of discovery, they provide a deep understanding of the world around us and countless benefits to society. Beacons of Discovery presents a vision of the global science of particle physics at the dawn of a new light on the mystery and beauty of the universe. See: Beacons of Discovery

See Also : The World Wide Science of Particle Physics

Message Sent Through Rock Via Neutrino Beam

See:Cern Courier:The right spin for a neutrino superfluid

If like myself you are watching the history of communication,  it becomes important to understand the advances we have on the horizon for when we are looking across the expanse of space for consideration of that information transference.

MINERvA: Bringing Neutrinos into Sharp Focus

 

Like radio waves, neutrino beams spread out. Moving farther away from the neutrino source is somewhat like driving away from a radio tower: Eventually you lose the signal. Until physicists create more intense beams of neutrinos or build more powerful detectors, the goal of using neutrinos to communicate with people under the sea or outside Earth’s orbit will remain out of reach.See:Scientists send encoded message through rock via neutrino beam

  While relativistic interpretations are understood with Muon detection scenarios we are able to understand some things about the earth that we had not known before. So in this case we see where such communications are already defining for us some information about the world we live in.

 ***

 Update:

DEMONSTRATION OF COMMUNICATION USING NEUTRINOS

 Beams of neutrinos have been proposed as a vehicle for communications under unusual circumstances, such as direct point-to-point global communication, communication with submarines, secure communications and interstellar communication. We report on the performance of a low-rate communications link established using the NuMI beam line and the MINERvA detector at Fermilab. The link achieved a decoded data rate of 0.1 bits/sec with a bit error rate of 1% over a distance of 1.035 km, including 240 m of earth.

ICARUS: the neutrino speed discrepancy is 0, not 60 ns

 ***

 We examine the possibility to employ neutrinos to communicate within the galaxy. We discuss various issues associated with transmission and reception, and suggest that the resonant neutrino energy near 6.3 PeV may be most appropriate. In one scheme we propose to make Z^o particles in an overtaking e^+ - e^- collider such that the resulting decay neutrinos are near the W^- resonance on electrons in the laboratory. Information is encoded via time structure of the beam. In another scheme we propose to use a 30 PeV pion accelerator to create neutrino or anti-neutrino beams. The latter encodes information via the particle/anti-particle content of the beam, as well as timing. Moreover, the latter beam requires far less power, and can be accomplished with presently foreseeable technology. Such signals from an advanced civilization, should they exist, will be eminently detectable in neutrino detectors now under construction. See:Galactic Neutrino Communication by John G. Learned, Sandip Pakvasa, A. Zee

See Also:

• Galactic Neutrino Communications 
• Muons reveal the interior of volcanoes
• Energy Boost From Shock Front

Rara Avis in Terris Nigroque Simillima Cygno

Statistical and applied probabilistic knowledge is the core of knowledge; statistics is what tells you if something is true, false, or merely anecdotal; it is the "logic of science"; it is the instrument of risk-taking; it is the applied tools of epistemology; you can't be a modern intellectual and not think probabilistically—but... let's not be suckers. The problem is much more complicated than it seems to the casual, mechanistic user who picked it up in graduate school. Statistics can fool you. In fact it is fooling your government right now. It can even bankrupt the system (let's face it: use of probabilistic methods for the estimation of risks did just blow up the banking system).THE FOURTH QUADRANT: A MAP OF THE LIMITS OF STATISTICS [9.15.08]  By Nassim Nicholas Taleb

Nassim Nicholas Taleb - What is a "Black Swan?"

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SEE Also:

• The Black Swan 
• Plinko Sounds a Bit like the Galton Board

Trying to Explain an Anomaly

What and how are we communicating? I draw comparisons from what we see as early universe formations in our own data sets as to show that we can see the world in different ways. I draw comparison between the emotive states of our being too, science in it's explanation as to seeing the mechanics of,  as shown in two separate ways. Classically and in the Quantum?

Pascal's triangle

It seems it has been really difficult trying to formulate the way in which to approach explaining the anomaly that was physical in the sense of observance. That as too reciprocity as much as I could say, could such a thing exist?

“By the age of 5 we are all musical experts, so this stuff is clearly wired really deeply into us,” said Dr. Levitin, an eerily youthful-looking 49, surrounded by the pianos, guitars and enormous 16-track mixers that make his lab look more like a recording studio. This summer he published “This Is Your Brain on Music” (Dutton), a layperson’s guide to the emerging neuroscience of music. Dr. Levitin is an unusually deft interpreter, full of striking scientific trivia. For example we learn that babies begin life with synesthesia, the trippy confusion that makes people experience sounds as smells or tastes as colors. Or that the cerebellum, a part of the brain that helps govern movement, is also wired to the ears and produces some of our emotional responses to music. His experiments have even suggested that watching a musician perform affects brain chemistry differently from listening to a recording.See: Music of the Hemispheres

I too added then that such an explanation had to have the human factor of input as to say that this anomaly needed the contribution of others in order to allow the observer and the observed produce such an action. Or, is it our own recognition of acceptance of such concrete things that we had assign the reality to be in such a way as to say reality is this way.

	Ranging from slime molds to Alzheimer’s Disease, a new online exhibit, Emergent Universe (http://www.emergentuniverse.org) aims to encourage young people to learn about “emergence,” complex behaviors that arise from the interaction of simple parts. See: Emergent Universe - an online museum of science.

Constraints when applied to all senses, as to set them to being concrete we accustom ourselves to the reality around us . Reality becomes part and parcel of recognizing this capability before such concreteness, arises from such a abstract state of existence as to imply this association of an anomaly as an abstract thing?

 Color of Gravity 4
 

This is the most important song I’ve ever written, it's a time capsule song. I will listen to it every day of my life if I need to. It's honest to God the most important song I’ve ever written in my life, and it has the fewest words. I was in LA, and I was there for the summer, just writing tunes, and I was in the shower. And I don't know where it came from, but it's the damn truth you know, and I just sang, "gravity...is working against me.Gravity (John Mayer song)

So you say it is theoretical and have all the basis of science at your disposal as to imply such an equation arises from a set of proposed examples of why the universe is the way it is, that such an expression of the universe is as much the recognition of the capabilities of the universe being from all that is constitutionally recognized.

Currently science is looking for such "gathering attributes" as to understand why nature is the way it is. Emergence?

5 types of ATLAS event shape data

The data is first processed using the vast and all-powerful ATLAS software framework. This allows raw data (streams of ones and zeroes) to be converted step-by-step into ‘objects’ such as silicon detector hits and energy deposits. We can reconstruct particles using these objects. The next step is to convert the information into a file containing two or three columns of numbers known as a "breakpoint file". It can also be used as a "note list". This kind of file can be read by compositional software such as the Composers Desktop Project (CDP) and Csound software used for this project. See: How is Data Converted into Sounds

This sets the stage for questioning in my mind. If all the data is a function of information that exists and is constitutionally recognized then so too is the capability of consciousness able to manufacture the anomaly with which observance/observer of a new paradigm begins.

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Mean Gravity Field

On planet Earth, we tend to think of the gravitational effect as being the same no matter where we are on the planet. We certainly don't see variations anywhere near as dramatic as those between the Earth and the Moon. But the truth is, the Earth's topography is highly variable with mountains, valleys, plains, and deep ocean trenches. As a consequence of this variable topography, the density of Earth's surface varies. These fluctuations in density cause slight variations in the gravity field, which, remarkably, GRACE can detect from space. Gravity 101

See Also:

• Anomalistics 
•  We Are Stardust, So What does the Mind Use in Thought??

• Geodesy and geophysics

• Grail: Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory

List of KITP Wikispaces

2011

Asteroseismology in the Space Age
Topological Insulators and Superconductors
Holographic Duality and Condensed Matter Physics
Dynamics of Development (Minipgm)
Network Architecture of Brain Structures and Functions (Minipgm)
Nonperturbative Effects and Dualities in QFT and Integrable Systems
The First Year of the LHC
Biological Frontiers of Polymer and Soft Matter Physics
The Harmony of Scattering Amplitudes
The Nature of Turbulence
Galaxy Clusters: the Crossroads of Astrophysics and Cosmology
Microbial and Viral Evolution
Iron-based Superconductors

2010

Disentangling Quantum Many-Body Systems: Computational and Conceptual Approaches
Emerging Techniques in Neuroscience
Beyond Standard Optical Lattices
Langlands-Type Dualities in Quantum Field Theory
X-ray Frontiers
Electron Glasses
Physics of Glasses: Relating Metallic Glasses to Molecular, Polymeric and Oxide Glasses
Strings at the LHC and in the Early Universe
The Theory and Observation of Exoplanets
Towards Material Design Using Strongly Correlated Electron Systems
Evolutionary Perspectives on Mechanisms of Cellular Organization

2009

Formation and Evolution of Globular Clusters
Low Dimensional Electron Systems
Fundamental Aspects of Superstring Theory
Quantum Control of Light and Matter
Quantum Criticality and the AdS/CFT Correspondence
The Physics of Higher Temperature Superconductivity
Particle Acceleration in Astrophysical Plasmas
Morphodynamics of Plants, Animals and Beyond
Quantum Information Science
Excitations in Condensed Matter: From Basic Concepts to Real Materials

2008

Workshop on the Quantum Spin Hall Effect and Topological Insulators
Building the Milky Way
Population Genetics and Genomics
The Theory and Practice of Fluctuation-Induced Interactions
Gauge Theory and Langlands Duality
Dynamo Theory
Physics of Climate Change
Anatomy, Development, and Evolution of the Brain
Physics of the Large Hadron Collider
Nonequilibrium Dynamics in Particle Physics and Cosmology
Workshop on the Interplay between Numerical Relativity and Data Analysis

2007

Workshop on SRO and Chiral p-wave Superconductivity
Moments and Multiplets in Mott Materials
Star Formation Through Cosmic Time
Biological Switches and Clocks
Strongly Correlated Phases in Condensed Matter and Degenerate Atomic Systems

2006

Applications Of Gravitational Lensing: Unique Insights Into Galaxy Formation And Evolution
String Phenomenology
Stochastic Geometry and Field Theory: From Growth Phenomena to Disordered Systems
Physics of Galactic Nuclei
Attosecond Science Workshop
New Physical Approaches to Molecular and Cellular Machines

2005

From the Atomic to the Tectonic: Friction, Fracture and Earthquake Physics
Mathematical Structures in String Theory

Daya Bay

The Daya Bay site in southern China. Image: Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory

An international collaboration of physicists working on a neutrino experiment in southern China announced today they have made a difficult measurement scientists have been chasing for more than a decade.

The results of the Daya Bay neutrino experiment open an important window into understanding the behavior of neutrinos, and now the race is on to determine the implications. Two American experiments, one proposed and one under construction, seem well positioned to take the next steps. See:Daya Bay experiment makes key measurement, paves way for future discoveries

***

PMTs convert light from particle collisions to electric charge. Since the experiment must collect the light emitted from each event, the reflectors at top and bottom of the acrylic vessels enhance gathering of light.

See:The Daya Bay Neutrino Experiment: On Track to Completion

***

Dialogos of Eide: Mysterious Behavior of Neutrinos sent Straight

Dec 24, 2009... to the NOvA detector in Minnesota. The neutrinos travel the 500 miles in less than three milliseconds. See:NOvA Neutrino Project. ***. Using the NuMI beam to search for electron neutrino appearance. The NOνA Experiment...

Dialogos of Eide: Gran Sasso and Fermilab

Oct 31, 2011 Funded by a grant from the University of Minnesota. (Credit: Fermilab Visual Media Services). ***. Fermilab experiment weighs in on neutrino mystery. Scientists of the MINOS experiment at the Department of Energy's Fermi...

Dialogos of Eide: Linking Experiments

Mar 29, 2010 Scientists would use the LBNE to explore whether neutrinos break one of the most fundamental laws of physics: the symmetry between matter and antimatter. In 1980, James Cronin and Val Fitch received the Nobel Prize for...

Dialogos of Eide: ICECUBE Blogging Research Material and more

Oct 27, 2011 Linking Experiments(Majorana, EXO); How do stars create the heavy elements? (DIANA); What role did neutrinos play in the evolution of the universe? (LBNE). In addition, scientists propose to build a generic underground...

Inspirations

Inspired on Escher's works. A free vision on how could be his workplace.

I was made aware of This Youtube video by Clifford of Asymptotia. He also linked, Lines and Colors.

Brain Mechanisms of Consciousness

Consciousness is at once the most familiar and the most mysterious feature of our existence. A new science of consciousness is now revealing its biological basis.

Once considered beyond the reach of science, the neural mechanisms of human consciousness are now being unravelled at a startling pace by neuroscientists and their colleagues. I've always been fascinated by the possibility of understanding consciousness, so it is tremendously exciting to witness – and take part in – this grand challenge for 21st century science. SEE:Consciousness: Eight questions science must answer

SEE Also: Brain Info

Geodesy and geophysics

Mean Gravity Field


Anomalies by definition would require that we understand something about our selves that we did not know before, in that the whole history of you, is a large synopsis of everything that thinks and breath? Imagine indeed that such a vast resource could defined you as in some book to know that what would come next would be the unfolding of what you have been to what you shall become.

So I veered away from this act of who you are, toward a question of our relationship with understanding the world around us. What can exist in nature as some anomaly is really our inability to describe something in nature that awes us and had never gone deeper then then on the surface observance of who we are and where we live.

Map of free-air gravity anomalies around Britain and Ireland

Variations in the strength of gravity occur from place to place according to the density distribution of the rocks beneath the surface. Such gravity anomalies have been mapped across the British Isles and the surrounding seas and they reveal aspects of these islands’ geological structure.

(Bouguer) gravity anomaly map of the state of New Jersey (USGS)

 The Bouguer anomalies usually are negative in the mountains because of isostasy: the rock density of their roots is lower, compared with the surrounding earth's mantle. Typical anomalies in the Central Alps are −150 milligals (−1.5 mm/s²). Rather local anomalies are used in applied geophysics: if they are positive, this may indicate metallic ores. At scales between entire mountain ranges and ore bodies, Bouguer anomalies may indicate rock types. For example, the northeast-southwest trending high across central New Jersey (see figure) represents a graben of Triassic age largely filled with dense basalts. Salt domes are typically expressed in gravity maps as lows, because salt has a low density compared to the rocks the dome intrudes. Anomalies can help to distinguish sedimentary basins whose fill differs in density from that of the surrounding region - see Gravity Anomalies of Britain and Ireland for example.

Bouguer Anomaly Map of Belgium and Surrounding areas

The anomalies are calculated using a uniform Bouguer reduction density of 2.67 gr/cm³ the grid was obtained by Krigging, cell size : 5 km, search radius : 30 km. The French data are copyrighted by BRGM (France).

While the examples above help to shed light on how we can perceive earth in a way that we are not accustomed too, this idea of gravity is important to understand the way in which gravitationally we my look at the world/earth. In our early years abstractly the idea of curvature was something that did not make sense until one moved beyond the Euclidean lines of understanding to a Non Euclidean view?

To that point we did not understand what the earth look like in its pearl form in space without having left the confines of earth?

I want you too look at space as well to understand what may be conceivable even though we may talk about an anomaly in nature that to this point we did not necessarily understand until we were presented with the examples as to confront and require an explanation. So you have the earth and space to contend with here.

LTool

So we graduate with the understanding with how we have seen the earth in observatory implicitness to have it detailed in a more "ugly definition of its composed parts?" To me it's not really that ugly at all,  although as you venture to take in the color representation of the component parts of our earth's geological structure,  you learn to understand the concreteness of our definitions.

Anomalistics

Charles Fort, anomalistics pioneer

Anomalistics

Terminology
Coined by	Robert W. Wescott (1973)
Definition	The use of scientific methods to evaluate anomalies with the aim of finding a rational explanation.[1]
Signature	The study of phenomena that appear to be at odds with current scientific understanding.
See also	Parapsychology Charles Fort

Anomalistics is the use of scientific methods to evaluate anomalies (phenomena that fall outside of current understanding), with the aim of finding a rational explanation.^[1] The term itself was coined in 1973 by Drew University anthropologist Roger W. Wescott, who defined it as being "...serious and systematic study of all phenomena that fail to fit the picture of reality provided for us by common sense or by the established sciences."^{[citation needed]}

Wescott credited journalist and researcher Charles Hoy Fort as being the creator of anomalistics as a field of research, and he named biologist Ivan T. Sanderson and Sourcebook Project compiler William R. Corliss as being instrumental in expanding anomalistics to introduce a more conventional perspective into the field.^[2][3]
Henry Bauer, emeritus professor of Science Studies at Virginia Tech, writes that anomalistics is "a politically correct term for the study of bizarre claims,"^[4] while David J. Hess of the Department of Science and Technology Studies at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute describes it as being "the scientific study of anomalies defined as claims of phenomena not generally accepted by the bulk of the scientific community."^[1]
Anomalistics covers several sub-disciplines, including ufology and cryptozoology. Scientifically trained anomalists include ufologist J. Allen Hynek,^[5] Carl Sagan, Christopher Chacon,^{[citation needed]} cryptozoologist Bernard Heuvelmans,^[6] and CSICOP founder Paul Kurtz.^[7]

Contents    1 Field   2 Scope 3 Validation 4 References

Field

According to Marcello Truzzi, Professor of Sociology at Eastern Michigan University, anomalistics works on the principles that "unexplained phenomena exist," but that most can be explained through the application of scientific scrutiny. Further, that something remains plausible until it has been conclusively proven not only implausible but actually impossible, something that science does not do. In 2000, he wrote that anomalistics has four basic functions:

1. to aid in the evaluation of a wide variety of anomaly claims proposed by protoscientists;
2. to understand better the process of scientific adjudication and to make that process both more just and rational;
3. to build a rational conceptual framework for both categorizing and accessing anomaly claims; and
4. to act in the role of amicus curiae ("friend of the court") to the scientific community in its process of adjudication.^[8]

 Scope

In the view of Truzzi, anomalistics has two core tenets governing its scope:

1. Research must remain within the conventional boundaries; and
2. Research must deal exclusively with "empirical claims of the extraordinary", rather than claims of a "metaphysical, theological or supernatural" nature.

Anomalistics, according to its adherents, is primarily concerned with physical events, with researchers avoiding phenomena they considered to be purely paranormal in nature, such as apparitions and poltergeists, or which are concerned with "Psi" (parapsychology, e.g., ESP, psychokinesis and telepathy).^[3]

Validation

According to Truzzi, before an explanation can be considered valid within anomalistics, it must fulfill four criteria. It must be based on conventional knowledge and reasoning; it must be kept simple and be unburdened by speculation or overcomplexity; the burden of proof must be placed on the claimant and not the researcher; and the more extraordinary the claim, the higher the level of proof required.
Bauer states that nothing can be deemed as proof within anomalistics unless it can gain "acceptance by the established disciplines."^[4]

 References

1. ^ ^{a b c} Hess David J. (1997) "Science Studies: an advanced introduction" New York University Press, ISBN 0814735649
2. ^ Clark, Jerome (1993) "Encyclopedia of Strange and Unexplained Physical Phenomena", Thomson Gale, ISBN 081038843X
3. ^ ^{a b} Wescott, Robert W. (1973) "Anomalistics: The Outline of an Emerging Field of Investigation" Research Division, New Jersey Department of Education
4. ^ ^{a b} Bauer, Henry (2000) "Science Or Pseudoscience: Magnetic Healing, Psychic Phenomena and Other Heterodoxies," University of Illinois Press, ISBN 0-252-02601-2
5. ^ Clark, Jerome (1998). The UFO book: Encyclopedia of the Extraterrestrial. Detroit, Michigan: Visible Ink Press. ISBN 1578590299.
6. ^ Science 5 November 1999: Vol. 286. no. 5442, p. 1079
7. ^ CSI - About CSI (2007-05-05)
8. ^ Truzzi, Marcello (2002) "The Perspective of Anomalistics" (section only) - "Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience", Fitzroy Dearborn, ISBN 1-57958-207-9

2012 TED Prize Wish: The City 2.0

See Also: Ted: Ideas Worth Spreading

Finding the Limits of Science?

By 'dilating' and 'expanding' the scope of our attention we not only discover that 'form is emptiness' (the donut has a hole), but also that 'emptiness is form' (objects precipitate out of the larger 'space') - to use Buddhist terminology. The emptiness that we arrive at by narrowing our focus on the innermost is identical to the emptiness that we arrive at by expanding our focus to the outermost. The 'infinitely large' is identical to the 'infinitesimally small'. The Structure of Consciousness John Fudjack - September, 1999

While I may use the quote above to help explain a series of pictures above,  it is also pointing how this inside/out relation with the world around us?

 


To take an investigative look at the world in which we live it was important to understand the "depth of our connection to reality?" I am not even sure that I am proceeding correctly but it is very important that I do so in a very scientifically correct way.

The dream is a little hidden door in the innermost and most secret recesses of the soul, opening into that cosmic night which was psyche long before there was any ego consciousness, and which will remain psyche no matter how far our ego consciousness extends.... All consciousness separates; but in dreams we put on the likeness of that more universal, truer, more eternal man dwelling in the darkness of primordial night. There he is still the whole, and the whole is in him, indistinguishable from nature and bare of all egohood. It is from these all-uniting depths that the dream arises, be it never so childish, grotesque, and immoral. Carl Jung

I can understand our science to a degree, as one can draw from the subjective analysis of, or, try to understand what we have learned in life. But to confront the known limits of our science is very important. To see experimental processes and phenomenological approaches as to satisfy this relation with science is also to discover something about ourselves as well.

The Flammarion woodcut. Flammarion's caption translates to "A medieval missionary tells that he has found the point where heaven and Earth meet..."

Part of the understanding of looking at our world is not only a particulate understanding of reductionism but of a consolidating function of these constituents from a condense matter theorist point of view. How we make use of, as a understanding of the mass forming capabilities we are engaged in. While we engage in the theoretical, the foundation and basis of science is included. Conceptually the mathematics helps to build the concepts. The very schematics of these geometric forms are buried deep within us?

If conceived as a series of ever-wider experiential contexts, nested one within the other like a set of Chinese boxes, consciousness can be thought of as wrapping back around on itself in such a way that the outermost 'context' is indistinguishable from the innermost 'content' - a structure for which we coined the term 'liminocentric'.

If understood to the degree to which we are looking at the frequencies of how we look at the universe it is how we will see different parts of the universe in different ways. So this allows us to see a greater depth to the universe in which we did not understand before.

A picture of the sun taken "over time" in gamma ray detection.

See:Central Theme is the Sun

But I do contend that before we concrete our relation with reality we saw all these sensual factors as different facets of the same thing? This is before we became acclimatize to the reality with which we choose to live?

We Are Stardust, So What does the Mind Use in Thought??

The matter defined state of our bodies(like ice or concrete), the emotive fluids that course through our bodies as feelings, what substratum does our mind occupy if we might consider it to be of a much finer quality.....as if steam. Would such an abstract nature to that thought process be called "yellow" in face of the assumption matter states and fluid states could be called its own collaborative characteristic. If mind are capable of using the ratified states of existence, then are we not turned inside/out?

I do assume some will never be able to understand, but, their will be those who do. They will be able to follow

We Are Stardust

Where did we come from? I find the explanation that we were made in stars to be deep, elegant, and beautiful. This explanation says that every atom in each of our bodies was built up out of smaller particles produced in the furnaces of long-gone stars. We are the byproducts of nuclear fusion. The intense pressures and temperatures of these giant stoves thickened collapsing clouds of tiny elemental bits into heavier bits, which once fused, were blown out into space as the furnace died. The heaviest atoms in our bones may have required more than one cycle in the star furnaces to fatten up. Uncountable numbers of built-up atoms congealed into a planet, and a strange disequilibrium called life swept up a subset of those atoms into our mortal shells. We are all collected stardust. And by a most elegant and remarkable transformation, our starstuff is capable of looking into the night sky to perceive other stars shining. They seem remote and distant, but we are really very close to them no matter how many lightyears away. All that we see of each other was born in a star. How beautiful is that?See: 2012 : WHAT IS YOUR FAVORITE DEEP, ELEGANT, OR BEAUTIFUL EXPLANATION?

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See Also:

 

Dialogos of Eide: Are We Made of Stardust?

Jan 30, 2006

IN context of the cyclical nature of this universe, it is behooving to us to ask the question about what exactly that "stardust" is made up of. So we had some inkling for us lay people as to what had currently landed for us to ...

 

Dialogos of Eide: Aerogels and Stardust

Jan 13, 2007

So having understood what "less gravity can do" in organizing of chemicals in space, it is of course of interest when such a chemical can be made into a product in it's "pure form," to have it "almost clear" in it's constitution and ...

 

Dialogos of Eide: Gravity Free Environment on Earth

Jan 13, 2007

See:"Cosmic Variance" Anyway to the essence of what has been instigated by the post of Seans, and what came about from the "Aerogel and Stardust" Post. Microgravity Science Glove Box-The MSG will enable astronauts on ...

Time Crystals?

We consider the possibility that classical dynamical systems display motion in their lowest energy state, forming a time analogue of crystalline spatial order. Challenges facing that idea are identified and overcome. We display arbitrary orbits of an angular variable as lowest-energy trajectories for nonsingular Lagrangian systems. Dynamics within orbits of broken symmetry provide a natural arena for formation of time crystals. We exhibit models of that kind, including a model with traveling density waves.See:Classical Time Crystals

Difficulties around the idea of spontaneous breaking of time translation symmetry in a closed quantum mechanical system are identified, and then overcome in a simple model. The possibility of ordering in imaginary time is also discussed.See: Quantum Time Crystals

See Also: The Edge World Question Center:

Evidently, something powerful had happened in my brain.FRANK WILCZEK 

WHAT IS YOUR FAVORITE DEEP, ELEGANT, OR BEAUTIFUL EXPLANATION?

Simplicity leads to beauty: For it leads, as we've seen, to symmetry, which is an aspect of beauty. As, for that matter, are depth and elegance.

Thus simplicity, properly understood, explains what it is that makes a good explanation deep, elegant, and beautiful.Frank Wilczek

Something, we may not know about the world?

See: Music of the Quantum You combine theoretical positions with concrete ideas?

If one has never encountered an anomaly in nature and thought okay this happened but with no scientific qualification what so ever then indeed it is not a measurable quality about dealing with reality. So only you know it happened. Of course, then, you ask yourself, what weight do you apply to that unless you can reproduce it, or, have the witnesses to back it up? Many years have gone by now.

So it spurs one to investigate some things about nature that as yet you know it happened are only thoughts which may belong to an area that is highly theoretical. A way to make sense of it or grasp the significance of what is not normal. Defines laws of?

So, I am trying to say what may be possible and at the same time ask why nature did not take that course, or, why we are not aware of the anomaly as being "a possible" now?

I know at some point I will have to say that because this is not a measurable process I have to ignore it until I can explain it or reproduce it? Just go on with my life as an unexplainable event. But in the mean time, one can learn many the things because of it?

Is this what you mean? This response, was only possible by you asking the right question?

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Edward Witten Edward Witten's Homepage

One thing I can tell you, though, is that most string theorist's suspect that spacetime is a emergent Phenomena in the language of condensed matter physics.

Now I write this link and quote above because it set my own mind in motion, from that point. I began looking at the experiments and trying to derive something that was consistent in that process that would lead into that same logical conclusion that we are "seeing" and "not seeing" what happens.

What I have learn by association is that sometimes the spring board to move forward can be raised by others who question and point out things about nature.  How in being a scientist how one might look at things. How to be responsible about dealing with the world of observable things as well as interject about how theoretical explanations may provide for some foundation of how to explain "the possibilities" in nature? But without phenomenology this is really only an abstract thing. Some would just call it "a math" without  a reality foundation.So would you say then they are lost in  an abstract world?

Even here as a layman I am assuming that concepts them self are really covers for abstract things. One assumes there is math at it's basis and that all life without this approach is the foundation toward the phenomenological approach? You look for signs of the anomaly in nature and experiment.

RE: Jung Typology Test

 I am re-posting this blog subject today taken from 2008 

Also it seems that having taken test Monday, November 24, 2008  

Via David Berenstein, via Clifford Johnson, I've piped our blog into the Typealyzer, which allegedly “is able to guess which personality type a text represents” based on a statistical analysis of words and sentences. Here is the result:See:Backreacting Personality

The question of one's honesty  or change in attitude make come into play  while recognizing the highly subjective analysis of this test,  the variations from one entry to another test wise would be of some concern. I guess in a sense this is the understanding of where science asks that we remember the foundation from which we examine the subjective nature of models used in order to objectively place ourselves toward consideration.


The topic of the post is more important to me is when we can drawn from the subconscious the very model offered up by recognizing the depth of our examinations of ourselves. Why I mention Mandalas or Liminocentric structures. Labels can give more understanding here.

Take the Test here.

* Your type formula according to Carl Jung and Isabel Myers-Briggs typology along with the strengths of the preferences
* The description of your personality type
* The list of occupations and educational institutions where you can get relevant degree or training, most suitable for your personality type - Jung Career Indicator™

About 4 Temperaments

So you acquiescence to systemic methods in which to discern your "personality type." You wonder what basis this system sought to demonstrate, by showing the value of these types? So why not look? Which temperament do you belong too?

Idealist Portrait of the Counselor (INFJ)

Counselors have an exceptionally strong desire to contribute to the welfare of others, and find great personal fulfillment interacting with people, nurturing their personal development, guiding them to realize their human potential. Although they are happy working at jobs (such as writing) that require solitude and close attention, Counselors do quite well with individuals or groups of people, provided that the personal interactions are not superficial, and that they find some quiet, private time every now and then to recharge their batteries. Counselors are both kind and positive in their handling of others; they are great listeners and seem naturally interested in helping people with their personal problems. Not usually visible leaders, Counselors prefer to work intensely with those close to them, especially on a one-to-one basis, quietly exerting their influence behind the scenes.

ounselors are scarce, little more than one percent of the population, and can be hard to get to know, since they tend not to share their innermost thoughts or their powerful emotional reactions except with their loved ones. They are highly private people, with an unusually rich, complicated inner life. Friends or colleagues who have known them for years may find sides emerging which come as a surprise. Not that Counselors are flighty or scattered; they value their integrity a great deal, but they have mysterious, intricately woven personalities which sometimes puzzle even them.

Counselors tend to work effectively in organizations. They value staff harmony and make every effort to help an organization run smoothly and pleasantly. They understand and use human systems creatively, and are good at consulting and cooperating with others. As employees or employers, Counselors are concerned with people's feelings and are able to act as a barometer of the feelings within the organization.

Blessed with vivid imaginations, Counselors are often seen as the most poetical of all the types, and in fact they use a lot of poetic imagery in their everyday language. Their great talent for language-both written and spoken-is usually directed toward communicating with people in a personalized way. Counselors are highly intuitive and can recognize another's emotions or intentions - good or evil - even before that person is aware of them. Counselors themselves can seldom tell how they came to read others' feelings so keenly. This extreme sensitivity to others could very well be the basis of the Counselor's remarkable ability to experience a whole array of psychic phenomena.

When you "discover a symbol" as indicated in the wholeness definition presented below, you get to understand how far back we can go in our discoveries. While I talk of Mandalas, I do for a reason. While I talk of the inherent nature of "this pattern" at the very essence of one's being, this then lead me to consider the mathematical relations and geometries that become descriptive of what we may find in nature with regards to the geometric inclinations to a beginning to our universe? How nice?

Wholeness. A state in which consciousness and the unconscious work together in harmony. (See also self.)

Although "wholeness" seems at first sight to be nothing but an abstract idea (like anima and animus), it is nevertheless empirical in so far as it is anticipated by the psyche in the form of spontaneous or autonomous symbols. These are the quaternity or mandala symbols, which occur not only in the dreams of modern people who have never heard of them, but are widely disseminated in the historical records of many peoples and many epochs. Their significance as symbols of unity and totality is amply confirmed by history as well as by empirical psychology.[The Self," ibid., par. 59.]

Update:

See:Expressions of Compartmentalization